ANOVA

The ANOVA statistic (F-score) from the article is:

F(4, 61) = 110.42, p < .001, ?2 = .88.

The authors used a one-way repeated measures ANOVA to assess the effect of the five different coverage methods on the normalized gain scores. They used an F-test to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the mean gain scores among the five methods.

A one-way ANOVA is used when there is one independent variable with three or more levels (in this case, the five different coverage methods), and one dependent variable (in this case, the normalized gain scores). The authors used a repeated measures ANOVA, which means that the same participants were measured on the same dependent variable multiple times (pretest and posttest) while exposed to different independent variable levels (the different coverage methods).

The purpose of the ANOVA was to determine whether there was a significant difference in the mean gain scores among the five coverage methods. The significant F-score suggests that there was a statistically significant difference in the normalized gain scores among the five coverage methods. The authors then conducted further tests of within-subjects contrasts to explore these differences in more detail.

Reference

Kowalski, P., & Taylor, A. K. (2009). The effect of refuting misconceptions in the introductory psychology class. Teaching of Psychology, 36(3), 153-159. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=23c0eeba319d516b5a649f063f7d8c6f760c91dc